The following synoptic worksheets are
provided to help consolidate learning from different areas
of the specification. Differentiated versions of these
worksheets will also be provided later in the year.
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Worksheet 1: A 'Who-dun-it?'
Worksheet 2: Some sodium chemistry
Worksheet 3: Ways of making copper(II)
oxide
Worksheet 4: Finding the percentage purity
of iron wire
Worksheet 5: Planning an investigation
Worksheet 6: Evaluating evidence during
an investigation
Worksheet 7: Recording results during
an investigation
Worksheet 8: Estimating heat changes
during reactions using bond energies
Worksheet 9: The manufacture of ethanol
Worksheet 10: The manufacture of PVC
Worksheet 11: Comparing CO2 and SiO2
Worksheet 12: Reactions of a hydrocarbon
Worksheet 13: A comparison of two
domestic fuels - cost
Worksheet 14: A comparison of two
domestic fuels - pollution
Worksheet 15: Cerrusite
Worksheet 16: Laboratory safety
Worksheet 17: Anagrams
Worksheet 18: Processing results during
an investigation
Worksheet 19: Tin
Worksheet 20: Selenium (version 1)
Worksheet 21: Selenium (version 2)
Worksheet 22: Reactions of a double
salt
Worksheet 23: DDT
Worksheet 24: Things to think about
when you answer ideas and evidence questions
Worksheet
1: A 'Who-dun-it?'
This is flow scheme based on the chemistry
of copper. Students are required to identify 10 lettered
substances, and write equations for 9 reactions.
Important prior knowledge
Thermal decomposition of copper(II) carbonate.
Reactions of copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) oxide
with dilute sulphuric acid.
Electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution, including
electrode equations.
Reduction of copper(II) oxide using hydrogen.
Flame tests.
Tests for carbon dioxide (including the chemistry of
the test), water (using cobalt chloride paper), oxygen,
copper(II) ions in solution (using sodium hydroxide
solution), sulphates.
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Worksheet
2: Some sodium chemistry
This sheet looks at some of the chemistry
of sodium metal - some of which is deliberately unfamiliar.
It covers the extraction of sodium, some uses, and some
physical and chemical properties of sodium metal.
Important prior knowledge
Electrolysis of melts, including electrode
equations.
Bonding in sodium chloride.
Sodium flame colour.
Metallic bonding, including reason that metals conduct
electricity.
Reactions of sodium, including ability to write ionic
equations.
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Worksheet
3: Ways of making copper(II) oxide
This sheet looks at the chemistry of various
ways of making copper(II) oxide.
Important prior knowledge
Reactions of metals with air or oxygen.
Exothermic reactions.
Safety aspects of handling concentrated acids and poisonous
gases.
Oxidation in terms of electron transfer.
Precipitation reactions, including ionic equations.
Thermal decomposition of carbonates and hydroxides.
Neutralisation reactions.
Separating pure samples of insoluble compounds from
solutions.
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Worksheet
4: Finding the percentage purity of iron wire
A straightforward guided titration calculation
based on converting iron to iron(II) sulphate and then
titrating with potassium manganate(VII) solution. Although
the calculation is no more difficult than many GCSE
titrations, the surrounding detail looks worrying. This
is only suitable for top grade candidates who won't
be upset by a novel situation.
Important prior knowledge
Titration calculations.
Ionic equations.
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Worksheet
5: Planning an investigation
This is to give practice for the planning
part of an investigation. The investigation used is
to find the effect of concentration on the rate of decomposition
of hydrogen peroxide using manganese(IV) oxide as a
catalyst. Students are guided by questions through the
sort of things they need to think about in order to
score high marks.
Important prior knowledge
Detailed understanding of rates of reaction
including the collision theory, and some practical experience
in this area.
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Worksheet
6: Evaluating evidence during an investigation
This is to give practice at the evaluation
part of an investigation. The investigation used concerns
the amount of heat evolved when acids and alkalis react
(restricted to monoprotic acids).
Important prior knowledge
Strong and weak acids and bases.
Ionic equation for neutralisation of acids and hydroxide
bases.
Energy changes during reactions measured in kJ mol-1
(calculations not required).
Concentrations of solutions in mol dm-3.
Experience of determining concentrations of solutions
would be useful in answering one question.
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Worksheet
7: Recording results during an investigation
This sheet present some sets of results
taken from a heat of neutralisation experiment and asks
the student to comment on them.
Important prior knowledge
Familiarity with common lab glassware
(to understand terms like burette, pipette).
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Worksheet
8: Estimating heat changes during reactions using bond
energies
This sheet is designed to help with making
predictions or interpreting results using scientific
knowledge and understanding in an investigation involving
combustion of hydrocarbons or alcohols. It could also
be used as part of work on bond energies or combustion.
Important prior knowledge
Calculations using bond energies.
Combustion of alkanes.
Structural formulae for simple alkanes (up to butane,
but not 2-methylpropane)
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Worksheet
9: The manufacture of ethanol
This sheet applies Le Chatelier's Principle
to the conditions used for the manufacture of ethanol
by direct hydration of ethene.
Important prior knowledge
A good understanding of equilibrium.
Polymerisation of ethene.
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Worksheet
10: The manufacture of PVC
This sheet follows the stages by which
PVC is made from crude oil and salt.
Important prior knowledge
Fractional distillation and cracking (including
equations for cracking).
Manufacture of chlorine by electrolysis of sodium chloride
solution.
Addition reactions of ethene.
Polymerisation.
Uses of PVC.
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Worksheet
11: Comparing CO2 and SiO2
This sheet looks at the structures of
carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide and their reactions
with calcium oxide and magnesium. It reinforces ideas
about bonding and structure, about acidic oxides and
about reduction.
Important prior knowledge
Dots-and-crossed diagrams for covalent
bonds (particularly double bonds).
Giant covalent structure for SiO2.
Extraction of iron (and/or steel making).
Reduction in terms of oxygen transfer.
Exothermic reactions.
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Worksheet
12: Reactions of a hydrocarbon
This sheet gives information to enable
students to identify an unknown hydrocarbon as propene
and then asks about some of its reactions.
Important prior knowledge
Empirical and molecular formula calculations.
Molar volume of a gas.
Alkenes and their reactions with bromine and hydrogen
(including hydrogenation in the manufacture of margarine).
Polymerisation of propene and uses of poly(propene).
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Worksheet
13: A comparison of two domestic fuels - cost
This sheet compares the costs of using
anthracite and propane (LPG) as domestic fuels. These
are chosen because the price structure is easy to understand
(not true of gas or electricity) and the mole calculations
are easy to do (not true of oil because it is a mixture
of hydrocarbons).
Important prior knowledge
Energy changes during reactions.
Simple mole calculations (mass of 1 mole of carbon and
of propane).
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Worksheet
14: A comparison of two domestic fuels - pollution
This sheet compares the pollution produced
by anthracite and propane by calculating the mass of
carbon dioxide produced per kJ of heat produced when
they burn. It also looks at possible sulphur dioxide
emission.
Important prior knowledge
Global warming - causes and consequences.
Acid rain - causes and consequences.
Simple mole calculations.
Use of sulphur dioxide in manufacturing sulphuric acid.
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Worksheet
15: Cerrusite
A 'who-dun-it?' based on the lead ore
cerrusite (lead(II) carbonate). Students are told from
the start that it is a lead ore. The sheet ends with
some imaginative writing based on the "history"
of the accidental discovery of lead.
Important prior knowledge
Reactions of carbonates (effect of heat
and of acids).
Reduction of oxides by carbon.
Precipitation reactions (insolubility of lead(II) chloride
and sulphate).
Full and ionic equations.
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Worksheet
16: Laboratory safety
A simple exercise in which students have
to think about aspects of lab safety relating to collecting
a gas over water under circumstances which might lead
to suck back. They are asked to present their ideas
in cartoon form.
Important prior knowledge
Lab experience.
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Worksheet
17: Anagrams
This sheet explains how to work out crossword
clues involving anagrams and then asks students to solve
a number where the answers are based on very simple
chemistry. They are then given the opportunity to invent
some of their own.
Important prior knowledge
Suitable for anyone who has done chemistry
for more than a couple of years.
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Worksheet
18: Processing results during an investigation
This worksheet gives students practice
at processing results from an investigation and drawing
conclusions from them. The results come from the effect
of mass of catalyst on the rate of decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide. Students have to work out initial
rates of reaction and then plot them against mass of
catalyst for two different concentrations of hydrogen
peroxide. They are then asked to draw conclusions and
explain them.
The results give two good straight lines
(although best fit lines will be needed) with the slope
of one half that of the other.
Important prior knowledge
Explanations for the effect of surface
area and concentration on rates of reaction.
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Worksheet
19: Tin
This sheet covers the extraction and uses
of tin. It revisits the familiar chemistry of the extraction
of iron and of electroplating in an unfamiliar context.
Some further questions rely on basic chemical common
sense.
Important prior knowledge
Extraction of iron (but not steel making)
including the formation of slag.
Alloys (including solder).
Electroplating.
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Worksheet
20: Selenium (version 1)
This sheet asks students to predict some
properties of selenium compounds. It reinforces ideas
about bonding and reactions of acids.
Important prior knowledge
Relationship between Periodic Table group
number and number of outer electrons.
Covalent and ionic bonding.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Strong acids.
Reactions of acids.
Tests for hydrogen and carbon dioxide.
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Worksheet
21: Selenium (version 2)
This sheet uses some of the same material
as worksheet 20. It asks students to predict some properties
of selenium compounds. It reinforces ideas about bonding
and reactions of acids, and includes a titration calculation
based on selenic acid.
Important prior knowledge
Relationship between Periodic Table group
number and number of outer electrons.
Covalent and ionic bonding.
Physical properties of ionic compounds.
Strong acids.
Reactions of acids.
Titration calculations.
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Worksheet
22: Reactions of a double salt
Some reactions of ammonium iron(II) sulphate
solution, including tests for each of the ions present,
and the reaction with chlorine.
Important prior knowledge
Tests for ammonium, iron(II), iron(III)
and sulphate ions, including the ionic equations.
Oxidation of iron(II) to iron(III) by chlorine.
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Worksheet
23: DDT
This sheet looks at the arguments for
and against the use of DDT in the fight against malaria.
The students are given the opportunity to express their
own views on the controversy.
Important prior knowledge
Some basic organic chemistry (terms like
"hydrocarbon").
Simple understanding of food chains from Biology.
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Worksheet
24: Things to think about when you answer ideas and
evidence questions
This isn't actually a worksheet because
there aren't any questions. It simply summarises the
sort of things which students might need to think about
in answering "ideas and evidence" questions.
Important prior knowledge
Nothing specifically required, but students
should have met some "ideas and evidence"
topics, preferably where some ethical questions arise.
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